Teeth Grinding (Bruxism) in Children – What Parents Should Know. Dr. Narmin Azizova

Articles in English
05 May 2025

Bruxism, commonly known as teeth grinding, is a condition where the upper and lower teeth are involuntarily clenched or rubbed against each other. It often occurs during sleep and is particularly common among children under the age of 5. Since it typically happens at night, most children are unaware of it. Research shows that approximately 3 out of every 10 children may experience bruxism.

Causes of Teeth Grinding in Children

Bruxism may result from a combination of physical, emotional, and developmental factors. Common causes include:

  1. Emotional stress and anxiety
  2. Dental caries and oral problems
  3. Throat or ear infections
  4. Allergies and nasal congestion
  5. Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
  6. Intestinal parasites (especially pinworms)
  7. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Stress as the Leading Cause

Psychological stress is one of the most frequently cited causes of bruxism in children. It is especially common in:

  • Children beginning daycare or school
  • Children experiencing separation anxiety or adapting to a new environment
  • Sibling rivalry due to the arrival of a new baby
  • Social stressors involving new relationships or family tensions

Such situations may trigger nighttime teeth grinding, particularly in children aged 3 to 7.

Dental and Structural Factors

Bruxism can also be linked to irregularities in dental alignment or jaw structure. This is more likely to occur:

  • When baby teeth are being replaced by permanent teeth (ages 6 to 11)
  • If there is misalignment or abnormal contact between teeth
  • In the presence of untreated dental caries, abscesses, or poorly performed dental work

Teething and Bruxism

During teething, infants may grind their gums or teeth to relieve discomfort. In most cases, this behavior is temporary and resolves once the teething process is complete.

Reflux and Teeth Grinding

If your child experiences regurgitation after meals, frequent coughing, or visible discomfort, gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) may be the underlying cause. Reflux can manifest as nighttime bruxism and should be evaluated by a physician.

Parasitic and Allergic Factors

Children may also grind their teeth as a result of:

  • Intestinal parasites such as pinworms, especially if accompanied by drooling during sleep and restless nights
  • Allergic conditions, as children with nasal congestion, mouth breathing, or frequent earaches are three times more likely to exhibit bruxism

Common Symptoms of Bruxism

  • Grinding or clicking sounds, especially during sleep
  • Wear and tear on teeth, ranging from mild to severe
  • Injury to soft tissues inside the mouth (cheeks, tongue, gums)
  • Morning stiffness or pain in the jaw muscles
  • Clicking or popping noises from the jaw joint

Potential Complications

If left untreated, bruxism can result in:

  • Erosion of tooth enamel
  • Increased tooth sensitivity to temperature
  • Malocclusion and spacing between teeth
  • Dental caries due to weakened enamel
  • Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain or dysfunction
  • Facial tension or headaches

Treatment and Management

Management of bruxism begins with identifying and addressing its cause.

  1. Dental Examination
    The child should be evaluated by a pediatric dentist for caries, bite problems, or other oral issues. Any abnormalities should be treated appropriately.
  2. Psychological Support
    If emotional stress or behavioral concerns are suspected, a child psychologist should be consulted, especially in cases involving ADHD.
  3. Parasitic Infections
    If intestinal parasites are suspected, stool testing should be conducted, and antiparasitic treatment started if necessary.
  4. Reflux Management
    Recommended changes include avoiding food intake two hours before bedtime, elevating the head of the bed (30–45 degrees), and eliminating reflux-triggering foods such as chocolate, chips, and carbonated drinks.
  5. Dental Appliances
    If grinding continues and leads to dental damage or jaw discomfort, the use of a protective mouth guard may be advised by the dentist.

Conclusion

Teeth grinding in children is often temporary and resolves on its own. However, it can sometimes indicate underlying dental, psychological, or gastrointestinal issues. Early detection and intervention are key to preventing complications. Parents are encouraged to seek guidance from both pediatricians and dentists if signs of bruxism are present.

Narmin Azizova, the founder of Pediatriya.az