Newborn Baby: Questions & Answers. Part 1. By Dr. Narmin Azizova
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Are red spots on my baby’s skin normal?
Yes, many newborns develop reddish patches on their face and body during the first few days of life. These may be accompanied by small, yellowish pimples. This harmless skin condition, known as toxic erythema, is completely normal and resolves on its own within a few days. It does not require any treatment.
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My baby’s chest appears swollen. Is this normal?
Swelling of the breast tissue in newborns is common and occurs due to maternal hormones passed to the baby. This condition, often seen in babies who have spent more than 40 weeks in the womb, may also cause a small amount of milk secretion. Some parents try to massage the area to reduce swelling, but this is a mistake. Massaging can cause infections and, in severe cases, lead to abscess formation. The swelling will naturally disappear in time, usually within a few weeks.
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My baby has bluish spots on the lower back and sides. Should I be worried?
No, these are called Mongolian spots and are completely harmless. They are more common in babies with darker skin tones and usually fade by the time the child is 1–2 years old. In rare cases, they may persist into adulthood, but they pose no health risks.
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Why does my baby startle frequently?
This is a normal reflex called the Moro reflex. Newborns often exhibit sudden jerking movements when they fall asleep or hear a loud sound. This is a natural response of the nervous system and diminishes by the age of 3–6 months.
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How do I know if my baby is full?
There is no fixed measurement for this. Your baby will indicate fullness by slowing down or stopping sucking. If you try to regulate feeding strictly by the clock, you may encounter feeding difficulties. Trust your maternal instincts—feed your baby whenever they seem hungry. Babies born prematurely or with health conditions may require a specific feeding schedule, so consult your pediatrician if need.
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My baby’s head seems too large compared to the body. Is this normal?
Yes, in newborns, the head makes up about 25% of total body length, whereas in adults, it is about 12.5%. This is because brain development is rapid in utero, and much of it is completed before birth.
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What is the ideal room temperature for a newborn?
The recommended temperature for a newborn’s room is between 20–23°C (68–74°F). Overheating is a significant risk factor for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Studies show that ensuring a moderate room temperature and avoiding excessive layering can reduce SIDS risk.
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Why does my baby cross their eyes sometimes?
Newborns have undeveloped eye muscles, and their vision is still maturing. Occasional crossing of the eyes is normal in the first few months. If it persists beyond 3–4 months, consult a pediatric ophthalmologist.
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When can my baby see clearly?
Newborns see mostly blurry images and can only focus on objects about 20–30 cm (8–12 inches) away—roughly the distance between a baby’s face and a mother’s during breastfeeding. By 3–4 months, their vision improves significantly.
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Why does my baby keep their hands clenched?
Newborns have a grasp reflex, meaning they naturally curl their fingers into fists. This reflex fade as they start using their hands more actively in the coming months.
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When does my baby start hearing?
Hearing develops even before birth. Studies show that fetuses can recognize their mother’s voice as early as 25 weeks of pregnancy. Talking or singing to your baby, even in the womb, strengthens their auditory and emotional connection with you.
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Why does my baby sleep with their legs curled up?
This is a natural fetal position. Babies have spent months curled up in the womb, and it takes time for their muscles to relax into a stretched-out posture.
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Why does my baby cry?
Crying is a newborn’s primary way of communication. The most common reasons include:
- Hunger
- A dirty diaper
- Feeling scared or overstimulated
- Colic or gas pain
If your baby cries excessively and cannot be soothed, consult a pediatrician to rule out any medical issues.
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How should I dress my newborn?
Babies have underdeveloped sweat glands, meaning they do not regulate temperature well. Overdressing can cause discomfort or even increase the risk of overheating. A general rule is to dress your baby in one extra layer than what you are wearing. Opt for breathable fabrics like cotton.
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How can I tell if my baby is cold?
Cold hands and feet are not reliable indicators. Instead, check your baby’s neck or back. If it feels warm, they are comfortable. If cold, add a light layer of clothing.
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Can I use wet wipes on my newborn?
Many wet wipes contain chemicals that may irritate a newborn’s delicate skin. If using wipes, choose fragrance-free, hypoallergenic options, and rinse the baby’s skin with water afterward whenever possible.
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How should I clean my baby girl’s genital area?
Always wipe from front to back to prevent bacteria from spreading to the urinary tract. Use lukewarm water and a soft cloth rather than wet wipes when possible.
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When should I bathe my baby for the first time?
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends delaying the first bath for at least 24 hours after birth. This helps retain vernix caseosa, a protective substance on the baby’s skin that provides natural immunity and hydration.
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How common is jaundice in newborns?
About 60% of full-term and 80% of preterm newborns develop jaundice within the first week. It typically resolves on its own but may require medical attention if severe. Sunlight exposure (indirectly) and increased feeding help flush out excess bilirubin.
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What are the WHO’s key recommendations for newborn care?
- Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months.
- Delayed cord clamping for at least 1 minute to improve iron levels.
- Skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth to promote bonding and regulate body temperature.
- Routine vaccination to protect against preventable diseases.
Providing the best care for your newborn can feel overwhelming, but understanding what’s normal and what requires attention makes the journey smoother. If you have concerns, always consult a healthcare professional.