Nail Biting (Onychophagia) in Children: Causes and Solutions. Dr. Narmin Azizova

2-5 yaş Uşaq psixologiyası Xəbərlər
10 Fevral 2025

Nail Biting (Onychophagia) in Children: Causes and Solutions

Dr. Narmin Azizova
Neonatologist, Department of Neonatal Resuscitation and Intensive Therapy, Scientific Research Institute of Pediatrics named after K.Y. Farajova; Department of Pediatrics I, Azerbaijan Medical University; Founder, Pediatriya.az

Nail biting (onychophagia) is a common behavioral habit in children, often emerging between ages 3-4. Studies indicate that approximately 30% of children engage in this habit, which may be linked to emotional stress, anxiety, or learned behavior.

Causes of Nail Biting

The exact cause is unknown, but contributing factors include:

  • Emotional Stress: Feelings of insecurity, fear, tension, or family conflicts.
  • Environmental Factors: Exposure to stressful situations at home, school, or among peers.
  • Parental Influence: Excessive criticism, pressure, or witnessing nail biting in family members.
  • Academic Pressure: Fear of failure, punishment, or difficulties in learning.

Consequences

Nail biting can lead to infections, dental issues, and aesthetic concerns. Additionally, it may be an indicator of underlying emotional distress.

Prevention and Management

  • Provide Emotional Support: Show affection and ensure your child feels valued and secure.
  • Identify Triggers: Recognize stressors and offer calming alternatives.
  • Encourage Alternative Activities: Engage your child in hands-on tasks like drawing or using stress balls.
  • Positive Reinforcement: Reward progress without excessive incentives.
  • Maintain Proper Nail Care: Keep nails trimmed and apply a safe, bitter-tasting varnish if necessary.
  • Avoid Harsh Discipline: Scolding or punishing can increase anxiety and reinforce the habit.
  • Monitor Media Exposure: Prevent access to distressing content that may heighten anxiety.

If the habit persists despite these strategies, consulting a child psychologist is recommended. Addressing the root emotional causes is crucial for long-term success.

Nail biting is often a temporary coping mechanism. With patience, understanding, and proper intervention, most children eventually outgrow this habit.